第一章测试1、The Chinese equivalent of ESAP is （ ）.
A、科技英语
B、通用英语
C、通用学术英语
D、专用学术英语
2、The word “synergy” means （ ）based on its etymological explanation.
A、反感
B、协同作用
C、无用功
D、有效能量
3、The word “oil” originally means “any kind of smooth greasy liquid” but later acquires the specific meaning of “petroleum”. This word-forming method is called （ ）.
A、Generalization
B、Specialization
C、Extension
D、Specification
4、Compounded words have four characteristics, among which （ ）refers to its spelling features.
A、grammatical
B、semantic
C、phonological
D、orthographical
5、Sour oil means oil that contains a relatively high proportion of （ ）.
A、sulfur
B、carbon
C、hydrogen
D、oxygen
6、The sun energizes photosynthesis and brings about the energy called （ ）.
A、physical energy
B、chemical energy
C、kinetic energy
D、geothermal energy
7、Energy industry is the totality of all of the industries involved in the production and sale of energy, including fuel extraction, manufacturing, （ ） and distribution.
A、refining
B、defining
C、retailing
D、decomposing
8、The underlined word “tap” means （ ）in the following sentence—Oil is formed and then percolates up through cracks and porous rock to fill the reservoirs that humans tap to get oil.
A、敲打
B、轻拍
C、利用
D、开采
9、Abbreviations can achieve brevity, conciseness, efficiency and economy. Therefore it is frequently used in the following domain EXCEPT （ ）.
A、new reports
B、academic papers
C、business writing
D、fiction writing
10、Energy conversion efficiency (η) is the ratio between （ ）and （ ）.
A、input, output
B、output, input
C、consumption, production
D、production, consumption
第二章测试1、( ) is not a real coal, but only a precursor.
A、Peat
B、Lignite
C、Bituminous coal
D、Anthracite
2、China is the largest coal ( ) country in 2017.
A、import
B、production
C、export
D、reserve
3、A tale of two Europes means ( ).
A、Northern Europe and Southern Europe
B、Western Europe and Eastern Europe
C、some countries in western Europe with coal exit and some countries in Eastern Europe not announcing coal phase-out
D、poor Europe and rich Europe
4、The abiotic theory is developed in ( ) during the Cold War, as it needed to be self sufficient in terms of producing its own energy.
A、Germany
B、America
C、Soviet Union
D、China
5、Slightly more than half of the world’s proven reserves are located in ( ).
A、Latin America
B、America
C、Soviet Union
D、the Middle East
6、In China, most natural gas is distributed in ( ).
A、plains
B、basins
C、mountains
D、plateaus
7、Which of the following are fossil fuels?
A、renewable
B、natural gas
C、petroleum
D、coal
8、The most significant uses of coal are in ( ).
A、electricity generation
B、steel production
C、cement manufacturing
D、liquid fuel
9、According to a report by British Petroleum (BP), Large supplies of coal are known to exist (proven reserves) or thought to be available in ( ).
A、South America
B、North America
C、Europe
D、Asia
10、Across much of Asia, coal demand grows due to its ( ).
A、affordability
B、nonrenewable
C、efficiency
D、availability
11、In the argument about the origin of oil, scientists should avoid letting ( ) prevent them from accepting the truth, whatever that proves to be.
A、previous ideas
B、politics
C、scientific competition
D、energy shortage
12、Petroleum is a ( ) mixture of solid, liquid, and gaseous hydrocarbons that occurs naturally beneath the Earth's surface.
A、thick
B、flammable
C、yellow-to-black
D、thin
13、According to the report by EIA in 2018, the top three countries by oil production are ( ).
A、the USA
B、Saudi Arabia
C、Russia
D、Iran
14、Fossil fuels originated from dinosaurs.
15、To carry coals to Newcastle is like to pour sand on the beach.
16、In order to reduce the consumption of coal , China has tried its best to invest in renewable energy and to adopt new technology to improve the efficiency in industry.
17、The word “petroleum” originated in Latin which means “rock oil”.
18、Oil and natural gas are often found in similar areas, although natural gas will almost certainly be higher in the ground and under less pressure than oil.
第三章测试1、Fuel cell engines (燃料电池发动机) are two to three times more efficient than combustion engines, meaning that much greater fuel economy is available using hydrogen in a fuel cell.
2、A fuel cell is a device that produces electricity from chemical fuels, in just one step. Unlike batteries, fuel cells don’t run down or need recharging. As long as there is a constant source of fuel and oxygen, fuel cells will continue to generate power. And they don’t burn the fuel – the electricity is produced directly.
3、We are more independent on electricity than we were generations ago so a failure of supply today can have major consequences.
4、Because the fuel cell is so much more efficient that the internal combustion engine, fueling a fuel cell car can cost around the same as fueling a gasoline car.
5、Refueling a fuel cell car is more complex and dangerous than with traditional gasoline vehicles.
6、Solar panels, wind turbines, hydro power and geothermal energy and hydrocarbons (natural gas or coal) can all be used to produce hydrogen (a primary energy).
7、Electrolysis can use wind, solar, geothermal, fossil fuels, biomass, nuclear, and many other energy sources.
8、Ways to produce hydrogen fuel include producing it from nuclear power, biomass, algae, artificial photosynthesis, direct solar and coal gasification.
9、Solar power causes no pollution at all.
10、Seasonal variations in precipitation and long-term changes in precipitation patterns, such as droughts, have a big impact on hydropower production.
11、Petroleum and natural gas beneath the ocean floor are also considered a form of ocean energy.
12、Hydropower systems build pressure either by containing the water behind a dam, or within a pipe that runs down a hill. The weight of the water behind the dam or in the pipe creates pressure at the bottom. More height creates more pressure, and more pressure means we can get more power from the flow of water.
13、The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies.
14、New energy vehicles are driven by the enery of ______. It is believed that they reduce our dependence on petroleum and may reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
A、electricity
B、hydrogen
C、wind
D、sunshine
15、_____ is the first element on the periodic table, making it the lightest element. Since it is so light, it rises in the atmosphere and is therefore rarely found in its pure form.
A、Oxygen
B、Nitrogen
C、Hydrogen
D、Carbon
16、In a flame of pure hydrogen gas, burning in air, the hydrogen reacts with oxygen to form water and releases _______.
A、little hydrogen
B、little oxygen
C、energy
D、waste
17、______ has the highest energy content of all known conventional fuels (by weight). It has almost 3 times more energy content by mass than ______.
A、Hydrogen, gasoline
B、Hydrogen, oil
C、Oxygen, fossil fuels
D、Oxygen, gasoline
18、The only products that come out of a fuel cell are _______. No pollution or other dirty byproducts come out of the tailpipe of a fuel cell car.
A、electricity and hydrogen
B、water and oxygen
C、electricity, heat and water
D、energy, water vapor, and oxygen
19、Fuel cells are versatile as they can scale up easily and meet a variety of power needs – large or small. You can ____ individual fuel cells to increase the amount of power they can provide. The taller the stack, the more power you have.
A、install
B、stack
C、divide
D、separate
20、Pure hydrogen does not occur naturally on Earth in large quantities, and it is locked up in enormous quantities in water, hydrocarbons, and other ______. One of the challenges of using hydrogen as a fuel comes from being able to efficiently extract hydrogen from these compounds (化合物).
A、plants
B、organic matter
C、fossil fuels
D、inorganic matter
21、______ is an energy form found in nature that has not been subjected to any human engineered conversion process. It is energy contained in raw fuels, and other forms of energy received as input to a system.
A、Primary energy
B、Premium energy
C、Principal energy
D、Preliminary energy
22、In electrolysis, electricity is run through water to separate the _____ and _____ atoms.
A、hydrogen, water
B、hydrogen, energy
C、hydrogen, oxygen
D、water, heat
23、Manufacturers of hydrogen generators have developed methods to use lower amounts of electricity to split water into hydrogen. Different electrolytes or catalysts are used in _______ the bonds between hydrogen and oxygen atoms that make up water.
A、loosening
B、strengthening
C、separating
D、splitting
24、The scientists and researchers have mostly decided that using nuclear power plants that are currently online may be able to produce hydrogen fuel as a byproduct of the water that they are already using to cool the ____.
A、nuclear tower
B、reactors
C、nuclear fusion
D、nuclear fission
25、Landfills and farms can have high concentrations of _____ which is hydrogen-rich chemical compound.
A、methane
B、carbon dioxide
C、oxygen
D、hydrocarbon
26、Most of today’s hydrogen is produced from natural gas through a process called steam methane reforming. This is where steam and _______come together under high temperature to produce hydrogen.
A、water
B、methane
C、hydrocarbons
D、oxygen
27、A raging river contains ____ energy ____a small stream.
A、less, than
B、more, than
C、same, with
D、all possibilities above
28、Beams of sunshine are waves of light and heat energy, radiated across 93 million miles of space to reach our earth in about ________.
A、a second
B、eight minutes
C、an hour
D、a year
29、Sunlight reaches us by radiation. Radiation travels in electromagnetic waves consisting of ______, and when the energy waves reach an object, they can either pass through it, or be reflected, or be absorbed, depending on the material. PVs are made out of a semi-conducting material. When they absorb photons of sunlight, the energy of the photons dislodges electrons from their atoms. The PV’s special coating attracts free electrons to the surface, and it is this movement of electrons that produces the electrical current.
A、electrons
B、photons
C、neutrons
D、atoms
30、Floatovoltaics reduce the need of valuable land area, save drinking water that would otherwise be lost through ______, and show a higher efficiency of solar energy conversion, as the panels are kept at a _____ temperature than they would be on land.
A、evaporation, cooler
B、evaporation, hotter
C、precipitation, cooler
D、precipitation, hotter
31、The island of Ta’u in American Samoa, small in size though, is large when it comes to renewable energy. It producing 100% of its electricity from solar power. The batteries store energy for up to ____ days on which the sun doesn’t shine.
A、three hundred
B、thirty
C、three
D、one
32、Hydrogen fuel can be harvested from biomass. ______, ________ and ______ are three places that create much biomass.
A、sewage plants
B、landfills
C、farms
D、hospital
33、The amount of _____ that drains into rivers and streams in a geographic area determines the amount of water available for producing hydropower.
A、raindrop
B、snowfall
C、flood
D、precipitation
34、The volume of the water flow and the change in _____ from one point to another determine the amount of available energy in moving water.
A、water speed
B、elevation
C、fall
D、water flow
35、Water wheels are machines that use the energy of ______ to turn a wheel. The axle of the turning wheel can then power other machines to do work.
A、flowing water
B、or falling water
C、or both
D、neither of them
36、The Three Gorges Dam has brought benefits to Chinese people mainly in __________.
A、flood control
B、navigation improvement
C、power generation
D、tourism opportunities
37、New nuclear is impractical in western countries because of ________.
A、popular opposition
B、regulatory uncertainty
C、oft demand for multiple reactor units
D、high costs
38、Strong ocean currents are generated from a combination of temperature, wind, salinity, bathymetry, and the rotation of the Earth. The Sun acts as the primary driving force, causing _____________.
A、winds
B、currents
C、temperature differences
D、tides
39、Common environmental concerns associated with marine energy developments include ____.
A、the risk of marine mammals and fish being struck by tidal turbine blades
B、the effects of EMF and underwater noise emitted from operating marine energy devices
C、the physical presence of marine energy projects and their potential to alter the behavior of marine mammals, fish, and seabirds with attraction or avoidance
D、the potential effect on nearfield and farfield marine environment and processes such as sediment transport and water quality
第四章测试1、Hydroelectric facilities might have a major impact on （ ）.
A、aquatic ecosystems
B、birds
C、bats
D、polar bears
2、Geothermal energy brings air emissions including（ ）.
A、hydrogen sulfide
B、carbon dioxide
C、methane
D、all the options
3、（ ）is NOT one of the gender issues in energy industry.
A、gender gap
B、racial discrimination
C、glass ceiling
D、wage inequality
4、Wind farms may bring （ ）.
A、reservoir damage
B、noise pollution
C、respiratory disease
D、psychiatric disorders
5、Under certain lighting conditions, wind turbines can create an effect known as（ ）.
A、urban heat island effect
B、light transmission
C、shadow flicker
D、island effect
6、To achieve gender equity in the energy sector does not mean achieving（ ）.
A、equal opportunity
B、equal pay
C、equal time
D、equal leadership
7、STEM education does not include （ ）.
A、science
B、technology
C、engineering
D、masculinity
8、Women are trying to get involved in energy sectors by making efforts in different aspects except （ ）.
A、making energy policies
B、complaining juvenile delinquency
C、founding renewable energy companies
D、creating green energy initiatives
9、Earth Hour starts at（ ）.
A、20:30
B、20:00
C、19:30
D、19:00
10、WWF is short for（ ）.
A、World Wrestling Federation
B、World Wide Fund for Nature
C、World Web Foundation
D、World Wildlife Family
11、（ ）is the world's largest conservation organization.
A、IEA
B、IRENA
C、WWF
D、OPEC
12、WWF is well-known for its （ ） logo created in 1961.
A、tiger
B、panda
C、polar bear
D、penguin
13、Which one of these increases the level of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere?
A、Driving a car
B、Traveling by plane
C、Cutting down trees
D、All the options
14、（ ） is taken in by plants to make food.
A、carbon dioxide
B、hydrogen
C、oxygen
D、nitrogen
15、The process by which plants make food is called （ ）.
A、condensation
B、photosynthesis
C、respiration
D、transpiration
16、（ ）also known as IEA, is at the heart of global dialogue on energy.
A、Interscholastic Equestrian Association
B、Individualized Education Account
C、International Energy Agency
D、Infrastructure & Energy Alternatives
17、（ ） is an example of initialism.
A、NATO
B、HTML
C、IRENA
D、ASAP
18、The（ ） is an intergovernmental organization to promote adoption and sustainable use of renewable energy.
A、World Energy Forum
B、Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
C、United Nations
D、International Renewable Energy Agency
19、Choose the correct abbreviation. （ ）
A、We start school on Augst. 8th.
B、We start school on Ag. 8th.
C、We start school on Aug. 8th.
D、We start school on Augt. 8th.
20、What time of the day is 12:00 A.M.? （ ）.
A、midnight
B、morning
C、afternoon
D、evening
21、“I live on 9200 S. Bell St.” What does "S." stand for in this sentence? （ ）
A、South
B、Street
C、Sour
D、Sideway
22、Countries that rely on oil exports, can suffer from a phenomenon known as the（ ）.
A、“English Disease”
B、“Arabic Disease”
C、“Dutch Disease”
D、“Greek Disease”
23、The（ ）Effect refers to a concept that small causes can have large effects.
A、Catfish
B、Black Sheep
C、Hedgehog
D、Butterfly
24、The carbon market is a market in which we trade（ ）.
A、carbon dioxide
B、carbon emission allowances
C、carbon cycle
D、carbon copies
25、What year did oil prices skyrocket thanks to an OPEC embargo? （ ）
A、1953
B、1963
C、1973
D、1983
26、Plastic type（ ）is typically used to make bottles for water.
A、1
B、4
C、3
D、6
27、It is safer to put type （ ）polypropylene into a microwave oven.
A、1
B、3
C、5
D、7
28、Which is an example of geopolitics? （ ）
A、The Great Depression
B、The Cold War
C、The Renaissance
D、The French Revolution
29、Geopolitics is closest to （ ）.
A、Geo philosophy
B、Sociology
C、Political geography
D、Geographic politics
30、Carbon footprints can NOT be reduced through（ ）.
A、recycling as much as possible
B、eating more meat
C、unplugging unused electronic devices
D、improving energy efficiency
第五章测试1、The ancient ( ), were all formed along the rivers.
A、Civilizations
B、Industries
C、Cultures
D、Trade
2、Before the industrial revolution, the most important resources were ( ) in agricultural society
A、Coal and oil
B、Land and oil
C、Land and water
D、Oil and water
3、After the industrial revolution, the key energy transferred to ( ).
A、fossil fuels
B、coal
C、oil
D、fuels
4、people build dams and levees to control the flooding. These projects, as well as reservoirs and wells, were called ( ).
A、water projects
B、water engineering
C、hydraulic projects
D、hydraulic engineering
5、One of the reasons of the bad economic situation in Arabian world, may be attributed to the disruptive fracking technology improvement in ( ).
A、the U.S.A
B、the Middle East
C、European countries
D、East Asia
6、Before fossil fuels were exploited and applied on a large scale, ( ) the main source of energy in ancient China.
A、Coal and oil
B、Solar energy
C、Wood and charcoal
D、Water and wind
7、The poem Old Charcoal Man told us a fact that the royal family, as well as the common people living in cities, need to purchase Charcoal for their ( ).
A、daily supply
B、awards to the courtiers
C、sacrifice rituals
D、special production
8、Charcoal had been the main fuel of smelting and casting industry before ( ).
A、Tang Dynasty
B、Song Dynasty
C、Yuan Dynasty
D、Ming Dynasty
9、The uncontrolled use of firewood ultimately led to serious consequence —( ).
A、Economic decline
B、Human migration
C、Vegetation deterioration
D、Political upheaval
10、When the driving force of social transformation was mainly from the South and overseas, the ancient empire had to move towards early industrialization, in the way of separating ( ) and financial capital.
A、energy resources
B、coal supply
C、oil supply
D、business centers
11、In modern society, ( ), as the primary source of energy, would affect the national security.
A、coal
B、nuclear energy
C、fossil fuels
D、petroleum
12、Greenspan once said: “Oil is the blood of ( ).”
A、Modern economics
B、International business
C、World market
D、Modern industry
13、By ( ), with the imported oil accounting for 80%, China is almost becoming a country totally dependent on imported oil.
A、2019
B、2020
C、2021
D、2022
14、China is constructing mutually beneficial relationships with all the countries along ( ).
A、the South China Sea
B、the Belt and Road
C、the Middle East
D、the Strait of Malacca
15、The South China Sea contains the world's largest reserve of ( ).
A、combustible ice
B、heavy oil
C、petroleum
D、gas
16、The international organization of financial system that President Roosevelt proposed after WWII to establish is ( ).
A、the United Nations
B、the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
C、the World Trade Organization
D、the Bretton Woods system
17、Within the Bretton Woods system, the United States promised to exchange the dollars for gold at a fixed rate of ( ) dollars per ounce.
A、35
B、36
C、45
D、46
18、In 1974 the United States made a deal with ( )for a military alliance, which thus led to the petroleum trade being priced in the U.S. dollars.
A、OPEC
B、Saudi Arabia
C、Syria
D、The Middle East
19、After 1973, by linking the dollar to oil, a direct consequence of fighting in oil-producing countries is the soaring oil prices, which means ( ) for the dollar.
A、Lower demand
B、higher demand
C、lower supply
D、higher supply
20、The first decree issued by the Interim Government was to declare Iraq's oil exports to be priced in dollars again instead of ( ).
A、Gold
B、Iraqi dinar
C、Euros
D、French Franc
21、Venezuela, a country located in north of ( ), once has been one of the world's largest exporters of oil and has the world's largest ( ).
A、south America, proven oil reserves
B、Africa, proven oil reserves
C、South America, oil reserves
D、Africa, oil reserves
22、The term Dutch Disease was coined in ( ) to explain a sharp decline in the Dutch economy following their discovery of ( )in 1959.
A、1966, natural petroleum reserves
B、1966, natural gas reserves
C、1977, natural gas reserves
D、1977, natural petroleum reserves
23、Hyperinflation is a very high, rapid, and continuous ( ), within which the prices of goods and services quickly rise to a level so high.
A、Inflation
B、Economic decline
C、Price rising
D、Economic crisis
24、the so-called oil curse has not only caused Venezuela’s economic decline, but also deteriorated its ( ) climate.
A、social
B、educational
C、political
D、cultural
25、which of the country is the blogger from?
A、The U.S.A
B、Spain
C、Britain
D、China
26、Which movies did the blogger compare the climate of Beijing to?
A、The lord of the Ring
B、Inception
C、Dungeons and Dragons
D、Harry Porter
27、For London, the disaster was the Great Smog of ( ).
A、1955
B、1961
C、1962
D、1952
28、In 19th-century London, ( ) was the main source of smog.
A、Burning charcoal
B、Burning coal
C、Burning wood
D、Burning kerosene
29、In history, which river once has been declared biologically dead, no longer able to support any life?
A、Mekong River
B、Ganges
C、the River Thames
D、Nile river
30、While it has set targets to increase its consumption of ( ), China remains the world’s top producer and consumer of coal
A、sustainable energy
B、green energy
C、non-fossil fuel energy
D、alternative energy
第六章测试1、EI in Chinese means （ ）.
A、科学引文索引
B、工程索引
C、科技会议录索引
D、文献索引
2、“所在单位” should be translated into（ ）.
A、affiliation
B、unit
C、attachment
D、institute
3、Which of the following parts answering the question of “What did I find?” （ ）.
A、Introduction
B、Methodology
C、Results
D、Conclusion
4、参考文献 of an academic paper should be translated into （ ）.
A、Bibliography
B、References
C、Appendix
D、Acknowledgments
5、Which of the typical elements of an abstract can be omitted? （ ）.
A、background
B、purpose
C、result
D、conclusion
6、The sentence pattern “The findings hold important implications ...” is used to indicate the （ ）of the study.
A、results
B、conclusion
C、methodology
D、literature review
7、What is the first step after your submission of your paper? （ ）
A、Preliminary review
B、Full review
C、Revision
D、Rejection
8、Publish or Perish? The sentence implies that （ ）.
A、If a researcher publishes his paper, he has finished his work.
B、If a researcher fails to publish any paper, he is not deemed as successful.
C、If a paper is published, it becomes useless.
D、If a paper is rejected, it has no value at all.
9、The abstract is always the first section to be written.
10、An abstract should highlight the major points covered in the thesis in order to offer guidance to readers.
11、Language used in an abstract should be informal to draw closer the relationship between the writer and his potential readers.
12、Key words included should be standardized terminologies in usually 3-8 words or phrases.
13、Key words listed should also appear in the title of the thesis.